Tkinter dialogs
!tkinter.simpledialog --- Standard Tkinter input dialogs
tkinter.simpledialog
Source code: Lib/tkinter/simpledialog.py
The !tkinter.simpledialog module contains convenience classes and functions for creating simple modal dialogs to get a value from the user.
askfloat(title, prompt, , initialvalue=None, minvalue=None, maxvalue=None, parent=None, use_ttk=True) askinteger(title, prompt,, initialvalue=None, minvalue=None, maxvalue=None, parent=None, use_ttk=True) askstring(title, prompt, *, initialvalue=None, show=None, parent=None, use_ttk=True)
Prompt the user to enter a value of the desired type and return it, or None if the dialog is cancelled.
title is the dialog title and prompt the message shown above the entry. initialvalue is the value initially placed in the entry. parent is the window over which the dialog is shown. askinteger and askfloat also accept minvalue and maxvalue, which bound the accepted value. askstring also accepts show, a character used to mask the entered text, for example '*' to hide a password. They use the themed tkinter.ttk widgets; pass use_ttk=False for the classic widgets.
The base class for custom dialogs. Instantiating it shows the dialog modally and returns once the user closes it; the entered value is then available in the !result attribute. When use_ttk is false (the default), the dialog is built from the classic tkinter widgets, modelled on the classic tk_dialog; when true, from the themed tkinter.ttk widgets, modelled on the Tk message box. The default is classic for compatibility, since the themed widgets set a themed background that classic widgets added in body would not match.
3.16 Added the use_ttk parameter.
result
The value produced by apply, or None if the dialog was cancelled.
body(master)
Override to construct the dialog's interface and return the widget that should have initial focus.
buttonbox()
Default behaviour adds OK and Cancel buttons. Override for custom button layouts.
validate()
Validate the data entered by the user. Return true if it is valid, in which case the dialog proceeds to apply; return false to keep the dialog open. The default implementation always returns true; override it to check the input.
apply()
Process the data entered by the user, for example by storing it in the !result attribute. Called after validate succeeds and just before the dialog is destroyed. The default implementation does nothing; override it to act on or store the result.
destroy()
Destroy the dialog window, clearing the reference to the widget that had the initial focus.
!tkinter.filedialog --- File selection dialogs
tkinter.filedialog
Source code: Lib/tkinter/filedialog.py
The !tkinter.filedialog module provides classes and factory functions for creating file/directory selection windows.
Native load/save dialogs
The following classes and functions provide file dialog windows that combine a native look-and-feel with configuration options to customize behaviour. The following keyword arguments are applicable to the classes and functions listed below:
parent - the window to place the dialog on top of
title - the title of the window
initialdir - the directory that the dialog starts in
initialfile - the file selected upon opening of the dialog
filetypes - a sequence of (label, pattern) tuples, '*' wildcard is allowed
defaultextension - default extension to append to file (save dialogs)
multiple - when true, selection of multiple items is allowed
Static factory functions
The below functions when called create a modal, native look-and-feel dialog, wait for the user's selection, and return it. The exact return value depends on the function (see below); when the dialog is cancelled it is the empty value documented for that function -- an empty string, an empty tuple, an empty list or None.
askopenfile(mode="r", **options)
Create an Open dialog and return the opened file object, or None if the dialog is cancelled. The file is opened in mode mode (read-only 'r' by default).
askopenfiles(mode="r", **options)
Create an Open dialog and return a list of the opened file objects, or an empty list if cancelled. The files are opened in mode mode (read-only 'r' by default).
3.16 3.19 Opening several files at once is error-prone, and the returned list cannot be used in a with statement. Iterate over the names returned by askopenfilenames and open them one by one instead.
asksaveasfile(mode="w", **options)
Create a SaveAs dialog and return the opened file object, or None if the dialog is cancelled. The file is opened in mode mode ('w' by default).
askopenfilename(**options) askopenfilenames(**options)
Create an Open dialog. askopenfilename returns the selected filename as a string, or an empty string if the dialog is cancelled. askopenfilenames returns a tuple of the selected filenames, or an empty tuple if cancelled.
asksaveasfilename(**options)
Create a SaveAs dialog and return the selected filename as a string, or an empty string if the dialog is cancelled.
askdirectory(**options)
Prompt the user to select a directory, and return its path as a string, or an empty string if the dialog is cancelled. Additional keyword option: mustexist - if true, the user may only select an existing directory (false by default).
Convenience classes
The below classes are used for creating file/directory windows from scratch. These do not emulate the native look-and-feel of the platform.
[!NOTE] The FileDialog class should be subclassed for custom event handling and behaviour.
Create a basic file selection dialog. Its layout -- a filter entry, side-by-side directory and file lists, and a selection entry -- follows the classic Motif file selection dialog. When use_ttk is true (the default), the dialog is built from the themed tkinter.ttk widgets; when false, from the classic tkinter widgets.
3.16 The dialog is now built from the themed tkinter.ttk widgets by default, instead of the classic tkinter widgets. Added the use_ttk parameter.
cancel_command(event=None)
Trigger the termination of the dialog window.
dirs_double_event(event)
Event handler for double-click event on directory.
dirs_select_event(event)
Event handler for click event on directory.
files_double_event(event)
Event handler for double-click event on file.
files_select_event(event)
Event handler for single-click event on file.
filter_command(event=None)
Filter the files by directory.
get_filter()
Retrieve the file filter currently in use.
get_selection()
Retrieve the currently selected item.
go(dir_or_file=os.curdir, pattern="*", default="", key=None)
Render dialog and start event loop.
ok_event(event)
Exit dialog returning current selection.
ok_command()
Called when the user confirms the current selection. The base implementation accepts the selection and closes the dialog; LoadFileDialog and SaveFileDialog override it to check the selection first.
quit(how=None)
Exit dialog returning filename, if any.
set_filter(dir, pat)
Set the file filter.
set_selection(file)
Update the current file selection to file.
A subclass of FileDialog that creates a dialog window for selecting an existing file.
3.16 Added the use_ttk parameter.
ok_command()
Test that a file is provided and that the selection indicates an already existing file.
A subclass of FileDialog that creates a dialog window for selecting a destination file.
3.16 Added the use_ttk parameter.
ok_command()
Test whether or not the selection points to a valid file that is not a directory. Confirmation is required if an already existing file is selected.
!tkinter.commondialog --- Dialog window templates
tkinter.commondialog
Source code: Lib/tkinter/commondialog.py
The !tkinter.commondialog module provides the Dialog class that is the base class for dialogs defined in other supporting modules.
!tkinter.dialog --- Classic Tk dialog boxes
tkinter.dialog
Source code: Lib/tkinter/dialog.py
The !tkinter.dialog module provides a simple modal dialog box built on the classic (non-themed) Tk widgets.
DIALOG_ICON
The name of a bitmap ('questhead') suitable for use as the bitmap of a Dialog.
Display a modal dialog box built from the classic (non-themed) Tk widgets and wait for the user to press one of its buttons. The options, given through cnf or as keyword arguments, are all required: title (the window title), text (the message), bitmap (the name of a bitmap icon, such as DIALOG_ICON), default (the index of the default button) and strings (the sequence of button labels). After construction, the !num attribute holds the index of the button the user pressed.
destroy()
Do nothing. The dialog window is destroyed automatically before the constructor returns, so there is nothing left for this method to do.
Modules tkinter.messagebox, tut-files
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