asyncio-sync
asyncio
Synchronization Primitives
Source code: Lib/asyncio/locks.py
asyncio synchronization primitives are designed to be similar to those of the threading module with two important caveats:
- asyncio primitives are not thread-safe, therefore they should not be used for OS thread synchronization (use
threadingfor that); - methods of these synchronization primitives do not accept the timeout argument; use the
asyncio.wait_forfunction to perform operations with timeouts.
asyncio has the following basic synchronization primitives:
LockEventConditionSemaphoreBoundedSemaphoreBarrier
Lock
Implements a mutex lock for asyncio tasks. Not thread-safe.
An asyncio lock can be used to guarantee exclusive access to a shared resource.
The preferred way to use a Lock is an async with statement:
lock = asyncio.Lock()
# ... later
async with lock:
# access shared state
which is equivalent to:
lock = asyncio.Lock()
# ... later
await lock.acquire()
try:
# access shared state
finally:
lock.release()
3.10 Removed the loop parameter.
acquire()
Acquire the lock.
This method waits until the lock is unlocked, sets it to locked and returns True.
When more than one coroutine is blocked in acquire waiting for the lock to be unlocked, only one coroutine eventually proceeds.
Acquiring a lock is fair: the coroutine that proceeds will be the first coroutine that started waiting on the lock.
release()
Release the lock.
When the lock is locked, reset it to unlocked and return.
If the lock is unlocked, a RuntimeError is raised.
locked()
Return True if the lock is locked.
Event
An event object. Not thread-safe.
An asyncio event can be used to notify multiple asyncio tasks that some event has happened.
An Event object manages an internal flag that can be set to true with the ~Event.set method and reset to false with the clear method. The ~Event.wait method blocks until the flag is set to true. The flag is set to false initially.
3.10 Removed the loop parameter.
Example:
async def waiter(event):
print('waiting for it ...')
await event.wait()
print('... got it!')
async def main():
# Create an Event object.
event = asyncio.Event()
# Spawn a Task to wait until 'event' is set.
waiter_task = asyncio.create_task(waiter(event))
# Sleep for 1 second and set the event.
await asyncio.sleep(1)
event.set()
# Wait until the waiter task is finished.
await waiter_task
asyncio.run(main())
wait()
Wait until the event is set.
If the event is set, return True immediately. Otherwise block until another task calls ~Event.set.
set()
Set the event.
All tasks waiting for event to be set will be immediately awakened.
clear()
Clear (unset) the event.
Subsequent tasks awaiting on ~Event.wait will now block until the ~Event.set method is called again.
is_set()
Return True if the event is set.
Condition
A Condition object. Not thread-safe.
An asyncio condition primitive can be used by a task to wait for some event to happen and then get exclusive access to a shared resource.
In essence, a Condition object combines the functionality of an Event and a Lock. It is possible to have multiple Condition objects share one Lock, which allows coordinating exclusive access to a shared resource between different tasks interested in particular states of that shared resource.
The optional lock argument must be a Lock object or None. In the latter case a new Lock object is created automatically.
3.10 Removed the loop parameter.
The preferred way to use a Condition is an async with statement:
cond = asyncio.Condition()
# ... later
async with cond:
await cond.wait()
which is equivalent to:
cond = asyncio.Condition()
# ... later
await cond.acquire()
try:
await cond.wait()
finally:
cond.release()
acquire()
Acquire the underlying lock.
This method waits until the underlying lock is unlocked, sets it to locked and returns True.
notify(n=1)
Wake up n tasks (1 by default) waiting on this condition. If fewer than n tasks are waiting they are all awakened.
The lock must be acquired before this method is called and released shortly after. If called with an unlocked lock a RuntimeError error is raised.
locked()
Return True if the underlying lock is acquired.
notify_all()
Wake up all tasks waiting on this condition.
This method acts like notify, but wakes up all waiting tasks.
The lock must be acquired before this method is called and released shortly after. If called with an unlocked lock a RuntimeError error is raised.
release()
Release the underlying lock.
When invoked on an unlocked lock, a RuntimeError is raised.
wait()
Wait until notified.
If the calling task has not acquired the lock when this method is called, a RuntimeError is raised.
This method releases the underlying lock, and then blocks until it is awakened by a notify or notify_all call. Once awakened, the Condition re-acquires its lock and this method returns True.
Note that a task may return from this call spuriously, which is why the caller should always re-check the state and be prepared to ~Condition.wait again. For this reason, you may prefer to use ~Condition.wait_for instead.
wait_for(predicate)
Wait until a predicate becomes true.
The predicate must be a callable which result will be interpreted as a boolean value. The method will repeatedly ~Condition.wait until the predicate evaluates to true. The final value is the return value.
Semaphore
A Semaphore object. Not thread-safe.
A semaphore manages an internal counter which is decremented by each acquire call and incremented by each release call. The counter can never go below zero; when acquire finds that it is zero, it blocks, waiting until some task calls release.
The optional value argument gives the initial value for the internal counter (1 by default). If the given value is less than 0 a ValueError is raised.
3.10 Removed the loop parameter.
The preferred way to use a Semaphore is an async with statement:
sem = asyncio.Semaphore(10)
# ... later
async with sem:
# work with shared resource
which is equivalent to:
sem = asyncio.Semaphore(10)
# ... later
await sem.acquire()
try:
# work with shared resource
finally:
sem.release()
acquire()
Acquire a semaphore.
If the internal counter is greater than zero, decrement it by one and return True immediately. If it is zero, wait until a release is called and return True.
locked()
Returns True if semaphore can not be acquired immediately.
release()
Release a semaphore, incrementing the internal counter by one. Can wake up a task waiting to acquire the semaphore.
Unlike BoundedSemaphore, Semaphore allows making more release() calls than acquire() calls.
BoundedSemaphore
A bounded semaphore object. Not thread-safe.
Bounded Semaphore is a version of Semaphore that raises a ValueError in ~Semaphore.release if it increases the internal counter above the initial value.
3.10 Removed the loop parameter.
Barrier
A barrier object. Not thread-safe.
A barrier is a simple synchronization primitive that allows to block until parties number of tasks are waiting on it. Tasks can wait on the ~Barrier.wait method and would be blocked until the specified number of tasks end up waiting on ~Barrier.wait. At that point all of the waiting tasks would unblock simultaneously.
async with can be used as an alternative to awaiting on ~Barrier.wait.
The barrier can be reused any number of times.
Example:
async def example_barrier():
# barrier with 3 parties
b = asyncio.Barrier(3)
# create 2 new waiting tasks
asyncio.create_task(b.wait())
asyncio.create_task(b.wait())
await asyncio.sleep(0)
print(b)
# The third .wait() call passes the barrier
await b.wait()
print(b)
print("barrier passed")
await asyncio.sleep(0)
print(b)
asyncio.run(example_barrier())
Result of this example is:
<asyncio.locks.Barrier object at 0x... [filling, waiters:2/3]>
<asyncio.locks.Barrier object at 0x... [draining, waiters:0/3]>
barrier passed
<asyncio.locks.Barrier object at 0x... [filling, waiters:0/3]>
3.11
wait()
Pass the barrier. When all the tasks party to the barrier have called this function, they are all unblocked simultaneously.
When a waiting or blocked task in the barrier is cancelled, this task exits the barrier which stays in the same state. If the state of the barrier is "filling", the number of waiting task decreases by 1.
The return value is an integer in the range of 0 to parties-1, different for each task. This can be used to select a task to do some special housekeeping, e.g.:
...
async with barrier as position:
if position == 0:
# Only one task prints this
print('End of *draining phase*')
This method may raise a BrokenBarrierError exception if the barrier is broken or reset while a task is waiting. It could raise a CancelledError if a task is cancelled.
reset()
Return the barrier to the default, empty state. Any tasks waiting on it will receive the BrokenBarrierError exception.
If a barrier is broken it may be better to just leave it and create a new one.
abort()
Put the barrier into a broken state. This causes any active or future calls to ~Barrier.wait to fail with the BrokenBarrierError. Use this for example if one of the tasks needs to abort, to avoid infinite waiting tasks.
parties
The number of tasks required to pass the barrier.
n_waiting
The number of tasks currently waiting in the barrier while filling.
broken
A boolean that is True if the barrier is in the broken state.
BrokenBarrierError
This exception, a subclass of RuntimeError, is raised when the Barrier object is reset or broken.
3.9
Acquiring a lock using await lock or yield from lock and/or with statement (with await lock, with (yield from lock)) was removed. Use async with lock instead.
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