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  1. 第 1 章 Builtins 7 页
    1. 1.1 Built-in Constants A small number of constants live in the built-in namespace. They are: False The false value of the bool ty... 1 天前
    2. 1.2 Built-in Exceptions pair: statement; try pair: statement; except In Python, all exceptions must be instances of a class that de... 1 天前
    3. 1.3 Built-in functions The Python interpreter has a number of functions and types built into it that are always available. They ar... 1 天前
    4. 1.4 Python built-ins reference Python comes with a number of built-in functions and classes. The built-in classes include data types that ... 1 天前
    5. 1.5 Built-in Types The following sections describe the standard types that are built into the interpreter. pair: built-in; typ... 1 天前
    6. 1.6 Thread Safety Guarantees This page documents thread-safety guarantees for built-in types in Python's free-threaded build. The guaran... 1 天前
    7. 1.7 Time complexity of operations on built-in types This page documents the time complexity of various operations on built-in types in CPython. Other Python im... 1 天前
  2. 第 2 章 C Api 80 页
    1. 2.1 Abstract Objects Layer The functions in this chapter interact with Python objects regardless of their type, or with wide classes o... 1 天前
    2. 2.2 Allocating objects on the heap Initialize a newly allocated object op with its type and initial reference. Returns the initialized object.... 1 天前
    3. 2.3 API and ABI Versioning Build-time version constants CPython exposes its version number in the following macros. Note that these co... 1 天前
    4. 2.4 Parsing arguments and building values These functions are useful when creating your own extension functions and methods. Additional information a... 1 天前
    5. 2.5 Boolean Objects Booleans in Python are implemented as a subclass of integers. There are only two booleans, Py_False and P... 1 天前
    6. 2.6 buffer single: buffer protocol single: buffer interface; (see buffer protocol) single: buffer object; (see buffer ... 1 天前
    7. 2.7 Byte Array Objects pair: object; bytearray This subtype of PyObject represents a Python bytearray object. The internal buffer... 1 天前
    8. 2.8 Bytes Objects These functions raise TypeError when expecting a bytes parameter and called with a non-bytes parameter. Th... 1 天前
    9. 2.9 Call Protocol CPython supports two different calling protocols: tp_call and vectorcall. The tp_call Protocol Instances of... 1 天前
    10. 2.10 Capsules pair: object; Capsule Refer to using-capsules for more information on using these objects. 3.1 This subtyp... 1 天前
    11. 2.11 Cell Objects "Cell" objects are used to implement variables referenced by multiple scopes. For each such variable, a cel... 1 天前
    12. 2.12 code object; code, code object Code Objects Code objects are a low-level detail of the CPython implementation. E... 1 天前
    13. 2.13 Codec registry and support functions Register a new codec search function. As a side effect, this tries to load the !encodings package, if not ... 1 天前
    14. 2.14 Complex Number Objects pair: object; complex number This subtype of PyObject represents a Python complex number object. The compl... 1 天前
    15. 2.15 Concrete Objects Layer The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types. Passing them an object of the wr... 1 天前
    16. 2.16 Context Variables Objects 3.7.1 [!NOTE] In Python 3.7.1 the signatures of all context variables C APIs were changed to use PyObject ... 1 天前
    17. 2.17 String conversion and formatting Functions for number conversion and formatted string output. Output not more than size bytes to str accordi... 1 天前
    18. 2.18 Coroutine Objects 3.5 Coroutine objects are what functions declared with an async keyword return. The C structure used for c... 1 天前
    19. 2.19 Curses C API curses exposes a small C interface for extension modules. Consumers must include the header file py_curses... 1 天前
    20. 2.20 DateTime Objects Various date and time objects are supplied by the datetime module. Before using any of these functions, th... 1 天前
    21. 2.21 Descriptor Objects "Descriptors" are objects that describe some attribute of an object. They are found in the dictionary of ty... 1 天前
    22. 2.22 Dictionary objects pair: object; dictionary This subtype of PyObject represents a Python dictionary object. This instance of ... 1 天前
    23. 2.23 Exception Handling The functions described in this chapter will let you handle and raise Python exceptions. It is important to... 1 天前
    24. 2.24 Defining extension modules A C extension for CPython is a shared library (for example, a .so file on Linux, .pyd DLL on Windows), wh... 1 天前
    25. 2.25 File objects pair: object; file These APIs are a minimal emulation of the Python 2 C API for built-in file objects, whic... 1 天前
    26. 2.26 Floating-Point Objects pair: object; floating-point This subtype of PyObject represents a Python floating-point object. This inst... 1 天前
    27. 2.27 Frame objects The C structure of the objects used to describe frame objects. There are no public members in this structur... 1 天前
    28. 2.28 Function Objects pair: object; function There are a few functions specific to Python functions. The C structure used for fun... 1 天前
    29. 2.29 Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collection Python's support for detecting and collecting garbage which involves circular references requires support f... 1 天前
    30. 2.30 Generator Objects Generator objects are what Python uses to implement generator iterators. They are normally created by itera... 1 天前
    31. 2.31 PyHash API See also the PyTypeObject.tp_hash member and numeric-hash. Hash value type: signed integer. 3.2 Hash valu... 1 天前
    32. 2.32 Importing Modules single: package variable; __all__ single: __all__ (package variable) single: modules (in module sys) This i... 1 天前
    33. 2.33 Python/C API reference manual This manual documents the API used by C and C++ programmers who want to write extension modules or embed Py... 1 天前
    34. 2.34 init orphan Initialization, finalization, and threads This page has been split up into the following: initializa... 1 天前
    35. 2.35 Python Initialization Configuration PyInitConfig C API 3.14 Python can be initialized with Py_InitializeFromInitConfig. The Py_RunMain functi... 1 天前
    36. 2.36 Interpreter initialization and finalization See Python Initialization Configuration <init-config> for details on how to configure the interpreter prio... 1 天前
    37. 2.37 Introduction The Application Programmer's Interface to Python gives C and C++ programmers access to the Python interpret... 1 天前
    38. 2.38 Iterator Protocol There are two functions specifically for working with iterators. Return non-zero if the object o can be saf... 1 天前
    39. 2.39 Iterator Objects Python provides two general-purpose iterator objects. The first, a sequence iterator, works with an arbitra... 1 天前
    40. 2.40 Object Life Cycle This section explains how a type's slots relate to each other throughout the life of an object. It is not i... 1 天前
    41. 2.41 List Objects pair: object; list This subtype of PyObject represents a Python list object. This instance of PyTypeObjec... 1 天前
    42. 2.42 Integer Objects pair: object; long integer pair: object; integer All integers are implemented as "long" integer objects of ... 1 天前
    43. 2.43 Mapping Protocol See also PyObject_GetItem, PyObject_SetItem and PyObject_DelItem. Return 1 if the object provides the m... 1 天前
    44. 2.44 Data marshalling support These routines allow C code to work with serialized objects using the same data format as the marshal modu... 1 天前
    45. 2.45 Memory Management Overview Memory management in Python involves a private heap containing all Python objects and data structu... 1 天前
    46. 2.46 memoryview pair: object; memoryview MemoryView objects A memoryview object exposes the C level buffer interface <buf... 1 天前
    47. 2.47 Instance Method Objects pair: object; instancemethod An instance method is a wrapper for a PyCFunction and the new way to bind a ... 1 天前
    48. 2.48 Module Objects pair: object; module single: ModuleType (in module types) This instance of PyTypeObject represents the Pyt... 1 天前
    49. 2.49 Monitoring C API Added in version 3.13. An extension may need to interact with the event monitoring system. Subscribing to e... 1 天前
    50. 2.50 The `None` Object pair: object; None Note that the PyTypeObject for None is not directly exposed in the Python/C API. Since... 1 天前
    51. 2.51 Number Protocol Returns 1 if the object o provides numeric protocols, and false otherwise. This function always succeeds. ... 1 天前
    52. 2.52 Object Protocol Get a strong reference to a constant. Set an exception and return NULL if constant_id is invalid. constan... 1 天前
    53. 2.53 Object Implementation Support This chapter describes the functions, types, and macros used when defining new object types. allocation.rst... 1 天前
    54. 2.54 Support for Perf Maps On supported platforms (Linux and macOS), the runtime can take advantage of perf map files to make Python f... 1 天前
    55. 2.55 picklebuffer pair: object; PickleBuffer Pickle buffer objects 3.8 A pickle.PickleBuffer object wraps a buffer-providin... 1 天前
    56. 2.56 Profiling and tracing The Python interpreter provides some low-level support for attaching profiling and execution tracing facili... 1 天前
    57. 2.57 Expat C API The xml.parsers.expat module exposes selected Expat functions through its expat_CAPI capsule. This allows... 1 天前
    58. 2.58 Reference Counting The functions and macros in this section are used for managing reference counts of Python objects. Get the ... 1 天前
    59. 2.59 Reflection 3.13 Use PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins instead. Return a dictionary of the builtins in the current execution fra... 1 天前
    60. 2.60 Sentinel objects This instance of PyTypeObject represents the Python sentinel type. This is the same object as sentinel. ... 1 天前
    61. 2.61 Sequence Protocol Return 1 if the object provides the sequence protocol, and 0 otherwise. Note that it returns 1 for Pytho... 1 天前
    62. 2.62 Set Objects pair: object; set pair: object; frozenset This section details the public API for set and frozenset objec... 1 天前
    63. 2.63 Slice Objects The type object for slice objects. This is the same as slice in the Python layer. Return true if ob is a s... 1 天前
    64. 2.64 Definition slots To define module objects <moduleobjects> and classes <creating-heap-types> using the C API, you may use a... 1 天前
    65. 2.65 C API and ABI Stability Unless documented otherwise, Python's C API is covered by the Backwards Compatibility Policy, 387. Most ch... 1 天前
    66. 2.66 Common Object Structures There are a large number of structures which are used in the definition of object types for Python. This se... 1 天前
    67. 2.67 Multiple interpreters in a Python process While in most uses, you will only embed a single Python interpreter, there are cases where you need to crea... 1 天前
    68. 2.68 Synchronization primitives The C-API provides a basic mutual exclusion lock. A mutual exclusion lock. The !PyMutex should be initiali... 1 天前
    69. 2.69 Operating System Utilities Return the file system representation for path. If the object is a str or bytes object, then a new stron... 1 天前
    70. 2.70 Thread states and the global interpreter lock single: global interpreter lock single: interpreter lock single: lock, interpreter Unless on a free-thread... 1 天前
    71. 2.71 PyTime C API 3.13 The clock C API provides access to system clocks. It is similar to the Python time module. For C API ... 1 天前
    72. 2.72 Thread-local storage support The Python interpreter provides low-level support for thread-local storage (TLS) which wraps the underlying... 1 天前
    73. 2.73 Tuple Objects pair: object; tuple This subtype of PyObject represents a Python tuple object. This instance of PyTypeObj... 1 天前
    74. 2.74 Type Objects pair: object; type The C structure of the objects used to describe built-in types. This is the type object ... 1 天前
    75. 2.75 Objects for Type Hinting Various built-in types for type hinting are provided. Currently, two types exist -- GenericAlias <types-ge... 1 天前
    76. 2.76 Type Object Structures Perhaps one of the most important structures of the Python object system is the structure that defines a ne... 1 天前
    77. 2.77 Unicode Objects and Codecs Unicode Objects Since the implementation of 393 in Python 3.3, Unicode objects internally use a variety of... 1 天前
    78. 2.78 Utilities The functions in this chapter perform various utility tasks, ranging from helping C code be more portable a... 1 天前
    79. 2.79 The Very High Level Layer The functions in this chapter will let you execute Python source code given in a file or a buffer, but they... 1 天前
    80. 2.80 Weak Reference Objects Python supports weak references as first-class objects. There are two specific object types which directly ... 1 天前
  3. 88 Python Documentation README This directory contains the reStructuredText (reST) sources to the Python documentation. You don't need to ... 1 天前
  4. 第 3 章 Deprecations 19 页
    1. 3.1 Pending removal in Python 3.14 The ma_version_tag field in PyDictObject for extension modules ( 699; 101193). Creating immutable types... 1 天前
    2. 3.2 Pending removal in Python 3.15 The !PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock: Use PyImport_ImportModule instead. !PyWeakref_GetObject and !PyWeakre... 1 天前
    3. 3.3 Pending removal in Python 3.16 Functions to configure Python's initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11: !PySys_SetArgvEx(): Set PyConfi... 1 天前
    4. 3.4 Pending removal in Python 3.18 The following private functions are deprecated and planned for removal in Python 3.18: !_PyBytes_Join: use ... 1 天前
    5. 3.5 Pending removal in Python 3.19 456 embedders support for the string hashing scheme definition. 1 天前
    6. 3.6 Pending removal in Python 3.20 !_PyObject_CallMethodId, !_PyObject_GetAttrId and !_PyUnicode_FromId are deprecated since 3.15 and will b... 1 天前
    7. 3.7 Pending removal in future versions The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed, although there is currently no date scheduled for th... 1 天前
    8. 3.8 Deprecations Pending removal in Python 3.17 datetime: ~datetime.datetime.strptime calls using a format string containing... 1 天前
    9. 3.9 Pending removal in Python 3.13 Modules (see 594): !aifc !audioop !cgi !cgitb !chunk !crypt !imghdr !mailcap !msilib !nis !nntplib !ossaud... 1 天前
    10. 3.10 Pending removal in Python 3.14 argparse: The type, choices, and metavar parameters of !argparse.BooleanOptionalAction are deprecated and ... 1 天前
    11. 3.11 Pending removal in Python 3.15 The import system: Setting __cached__ on a module while failing to set __spec__.cached <importlib.machine... 1 天前
    12. 3.12 Pending removal in Python 3.16 The import system: Setting ~module.__loader__ on a module while failing to set __spec__.loader <importlib... 1 天前
    13. 3.13 Pending removal in Python 3.17 datetime: ~datetime.datetime.strptime calls using a format string containing %e (day of month) without a y... 1 天前
    14. 3.14 Pending removal in Python 3.18 No longer accept a boolean value when a file descriptor is expected. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in 8... 1 天前
    15. 3.15 Pending removal in Python 3.19 builtins: Passing a complex number as the real or imag argument in the complex constructor is now deprecat... 1 天前
    16. 3.16 Pending removal in Python 3.20 Calling the __new__() method of struct.Struct without the format argument is deprecated and will be remov... 1 天前
    17. 3.17 Pending removal in Python 3.21 abc Soft-deprecated since Python 3.3 abc.abstractclassmethod, abc.abstractstaticmethod, and abc.abstract... 1 天前
    18. 3.18 Pending removal in future versions The following APIs will be removed in the future, although there is currently no date scheduled for their r... 1 天前
    19. 3.19 Soft deprecations There are no plans to remove soft deprecated APIs. re.match and re.Pattern.match are now soft deprecated... 1 天前
  5. 108 About this documentation Python's documentation is generated from reStructuredText sources using Sphinx, a documentation generator o... 1 天前
  6. 第 4 章 Distributing 1 页
    1. 4.1 index orphan Distributing Python Modules [!NOTE] Information and guidance on distributing Python modules and pack... 1 天前
  7. 110 Dealing with Bugs Python is a mature programming language which has established a reputation for stability. In order to maint... 1 天前
  8. 第 5 章 Extending 8 页
    1. 5.1 Building C and C++ Extensions A C extension for CPython is a shared library (for example, a .so file on Linux, .pyd on Windows), which ... 1 天前
    2. 5.2 Embedding Python in Another Application The previous chapters discussed how to extend Python, that is, how to extend the functionality of Python by... 1 天前
    3. 5.3 Using the C API: Assorted topics The tutorial <first-extension-module> walked you through creating a C API extension module, but left many ... 1 天前
    4. 5.4 Your first C API extension module<span id="extending-simpleexample"></span> This tutorial will take you through creating a simple Python extension module written in C or C++. We will ... 1 天前
    5. 5.5 Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python interpreter with new modules.... 1 天前
    6. 5.6 Defining Extension Types: Assorted Topics This section aims to give a quick fly-by on the various type methods you can implement and what they do. He... 1 天前
    7. 5.7 Defining Extension Types: Tutorial Python allows the writer of a C extension module to define new types that can be manipulated from Python co... 1 天前
    8. 5.8 Building C and C++ Extensions on Windows This chapter briefly explains how to create a Windows extension module for Python using Microsoft Visual C+... 1 天前
  9. 第 6 章 Faq 9 页
    1. 6.1 Design and History FAQ html Why does Python use indentation for grouping of statements? Guido van Rossum believes that using inden... 1 天前
    2. 6.2 Extending/Embedding FAQ html Can I create my own functions in C? Yes, you can create built-in modules containing functions, variabl... 1 天前
    3. 6.3 general tocdepth 2 General Python FAQ html General Information What is Python? Python is an interpreted, interactiv... 1 天前
    4. 6.4 gui tocdepth 2 Graphic User Interface FAQ html General GUI Questions What GUI toolkits exist for Python? Standa... 1 天前
    5. 6.5 Python Frequently Asked Questions general.rst programming.rst design.rst library.rst extending.rst windows.rst gui.rst installed.rst 1 天前
    6. 6.6 "Why is Python Installed on my Computer?" FAQ What is Python? Python is a programming language. It's used for many different applications. It's used in s... 1 天前
    7. 6.7 library tocdepth 2 Library and Extension FAQ html General Library Questions How do I find a module or application t... 1 天前
    8. 6.8 programming tocdepth 2 Programming FAQ html General questions Is there a source code-level debugger with breakpoints an... 1 天前
    9. 6.9 windows tocdepth 2 Python on Windows FAQ html How do I run a Python program under Windows? This is not necessarily ... 1 天前
  10. 第 7 章 Howto 30 页
    1. 7.1 A conceptual overview of `!asyncio` This HOWTO <how-tos> article seeks to help you build a sturdy mental model of how asyncio fundamentally w... 1 天前
    2. 7.2 Migrating to Stable ABI for free threading (`abi3t`) Starting with the 3.15 release, CPython supports a variant of the Stable ABI that supports free-threaded <... 1 天前
    3. 7.3 Annotations Best Practices Abstract This document is designed to encapsulate the best practices for working with annotations dicts. If... 1 天前
    4. 7.4 argparse-optparse argparse Migrating optparse code to argparse The argparse module offers several higher level features no... 1 天前
    5. 7.5 Argparse Tutorial argparse This tutorial is intended to be a gentle introduction to argparse, the recommended command-line p... 1 天前
    6. 7.6 clinic orphan Argument Clinic How-To [!NOTE] The Argument Clinic How-TO has been moved to the Python Developer's G... 1 天前
    7. 7.7 Porting Extension Modules to Python 3 We recommend the following resources for porting extension modules to Python 3: The Migrating C extensions ... 1 天前
    8. 7.8 Curses Programming with Python curses Abstract This document describes how to use the curses extension module to control text-mode displa... 1 天前
    9. 7.9 Descriptor Guide Descriptors <descriptor> let objects customize attribute lookup, storage, and deletion. This guide has four... 1 天前
    10. 7.10 Enum HOWTO enum An Enum is a set of symbolic names bound to unique values. They are similar to global variables, but ... 1 天前
    11. 7.11 C API Extension Support for Free Threading Starting with the 3.13 release, CPython has support for running with the global interpreter lock (GIL) dis... 1 天前
    12. 7.12 Python support for free threading Starting with the 3.13 release, CPython has support for a build of Python called free threading where the ... 1 天前
    13. 7.13 Functional Programming HOWTO In this document, we'll take a tour of Python's features suitable for implementing programs in a functional... 1 天前
    14. 7.14 Debugging C API extensions and CPython Internals with GDB This document explains how the Python GDB extension, python-gdb.py, can be used with the GDB debugger to d... 1 天前
    15. 7.15 Python HOWTOs Python HOWTOs are documents that cover a specific topic in-depth. Modeled on the Linux Documentation Projec... 1 天前
    16. 7.16 Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap DTrace and SystemTap are monitoring tools, each providing a way to inspect what the processes on a computer... 1 天前
    17. 7.17 ipaddress import ipaddress An introduction to the ipaddress module Overview This document aims to provide a gentle in... 1 天前
    18. 7.18 Isolating Extension Modules Abstract Traditionally, state belonging to Python extension modules was kept in C static variables, which ... 1 天前
    19. 7.19 Logging Cookbook This page contains a number of recipes related to logging, which have been found useful in the past. For li... 1 天前
    20. 7.20 Logging HOWTO logging This page contains tutorial information. For links to reference information and a logging cookbook,... 1 天前
    21. 7.21 The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order [!NOTE] This is a historical document, provided as an appendix to the official documentation. The Method Re... 1 天前
    22. 7.22 Python support for the `perf map` compatible profilers The Linux perf profiler and samply are powerful tools that allow you to profile and obtain information abou... 1 天前
    23. 7.23 pyporting orphan How to port Python 2 Code to Python 3 Python 2 reached its official end-of-life at the start of 2020... 1 天前
    24. 7.24 Regular expression HOWTO Abstract This document is an introductory tutorial to using regular expressions in Python with the re modu... 1 天前
    25. 7.25 Remote debugging attachment protocol This protocol enables external tools to attach to a running CPython process and execute Python code remotel... 1 天前
    26. 7.26 Socket Programming HOWTO Abstract Sockets are used nearly everywhere, but are one of the most severely misunderstood technologies ar... 1 天前
    27. 7.27 Sorting Techniques Python lists have a built-in list.sort method that modifies the list in-place. There is also a sorted bui... 1 天前
    28. 7.28 timer file descriptor HOWTO Release 1.13 This HOWTO discusses Python's support for the linux timer file descriptor. Examples The follow... 1 天前
    29. 7.29 Unicode HOWTO This HOWTO discusses Python's support for the Unicode specification for representing textual data, and expl... 1 天前
    30. 7.30 HOWTO Fetch Internet Resources Using The urllib Package Introduction Related Articles You may also find useful the following article on fetching web resources with... 1 天前
  11. 第 8 章 Includes 3 页
    1. 8.1 optional-module This is an optional module. If it is missing from your copy of CPython, look for documentation from your d... 1 天前
    2. 8.2 wasm-mobile-notavail not Android, not iOS, not WASI. This module is not supported on mobile platforms <mobile-availability> or ... 1 天前
    3. 8.3 wasm-notavail not WASI. This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See wasm-availability for more inf... 1 天前
  12. 第 9 章 Installing 1 页
    1. 9.1 Installing Python modules As a popular open source development project, Python has an active supporting community of contributors and... 1 天前
  13. 第 10 章 Library 326 页
    1. 10.1 `!abc` --- Abstract Base Classes abc Source code: Lib/abc.py This module provides the infrastructure for defining abstract base classes <a... 1 天前
    2. 10.2 `!aifc` --- Read and write AIFF and AIFC files aifc 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.13... 1 天前
    3. 10.3 Generic Operating System Services The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to operating system features that are available on... 1 天前
    4. 10.4 `!annotationlib` --- Functionality for introspecting annotations annotationlib 3.14 Source code: Lib/annotationlib.py default import annotationlib from annotationlib impor... 1 天前
    5. 10.5 Data Compression and Archiving The modules described in this chapter support data compression with the zlib, gzip, bzip2, lzma, and zstd a... 1 天前
    6. 10.6 `!argparse` --- Parser for command-line options, arguments and subcommands argparse 3.2 Source code: Lib/argparse.py [!NOTE] While !argparse is the default recommended standard lib... 1 天前
    7. 10.7 `!array` --- Efficient arrays of numeric values array single: arrays This module defines an object type which can compactly represent an array of basic val... 1 天前
    8. 10.8 `!ast` --- Abstract syntax trees ast import ast Source code: Lib/ast.py The !ast module helps Python applications to process trees of the ... 1 天前
    9. 10.9 `!asynchat` --- Asynchronous socket command/response handler asynchat 3.6 3.12 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3... 1 天前
    10. 10.10 asyncio-api-index asyncio High-level API Index This page lists all high-level async/await enabled asyncio APIs. Tasks Utiliti... 1 天前
    11. 10.11 asyncio-dev asyncio Developing with asyncio Asynchronous programming is different from classic "sequential" programming... 1 天前
    12. 10.12 asyncio-eventloop asyncio Event loop Source code: Lib/asyncio/events.py, Lib/asyncio/base_events.py Preface The event loop ... 1 天前
    13. 10.13 asyncio-exceptions asyncio Exceptions Source code: Lib/asyncio/exceptions.py TimeoutError A deprecated alias of TimeoutError... 1 天前
    14. 10.14 asyncio-extending asyncio Extending The main direction for asyncio extending is writing custom event loop classes. Asyncio h... 1 天前
    15. 10.15 asyncio-future asyncio Futures Source code: Lib/asyncio/futures.py, Lib/asyncio/base_futures.py Future objects are used ... 1 天前
    16. 10.16 asyncio-graph asyncio Call graph introspection Source code: Lib/asyncio/graph.py asyncio has powerful runtime call graph... 1 天前
    17. 10.17 asyncio-llapi-index asyncio Low-level API Index This page lists all low-level asyncio APIs. Obtaining the Event Loop asyncio.ge... 1 天前
    18. 10.18 asyncio-platforms asyncio Platform Support The asyncio module is designed to be portable, but some platforms have subtle dif... 1 天前
    19. 10.19 asyncio-protocol asyncio Transports and Protocols Preface Transports and Protocols are used by the low-level event loop APIs... 1 天前
    20. 10.20 asyncio-queue asyncio Queues Source code: Lib/asyncio/queues.py asyncio queues are designed to be similar to classes of ... 1 天前
    21. 10.21 asyncio-runner asyncio Runners Source code: Lib/asyncio/runners.py This section outlines high-level asyncio primitives to... 1 天前
    22. 10.22 asyncio-stream asyncio Streams Source code: Lib/asyncio/streams.py Streams are high-level async/await-ready primitives to... 1 天前
    23. 10.23 asyncio-subprocess asyncio Subprocesses Source code: Lib/asyncio/subprocess.py, Lib/asyncio/base_subprocess.py This section ... 1 天前
    24. 10.24 asyncio-sync asyncio Synchronization Primitives Source code: Lib/asyncio/locks.py asyncio synchronization primitives ar... 1 天前
    25. 10.25 asyncio-task asyncio Coroutines and tasks This section outlines high-level asyncio APIs to work with coroutines and Task... 1 天前
    26. 10.26 asyncio-threading asyncio asyncio and free-threaded Python asyncio uses an event loop as a scheduler to enable highly efficie... 1 天前
    27. 10.27 asyncio-tools asyncio Command-line introspection tools Source code: Lib/asyncio/tools.py The !asyncio module can be inv... 1 天前
    28. 10.28 `!asyncio` --- Asynchronous I/O asyncio Hello World! import asyncio async def main(): print('Hello ...') await asyncio.sleep(1) ... 1 天前
    29. 10.29 `!asyncore` --- Asynchronous socket handler asyncore 3.6 3.12 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3... 1 天前
    30. 10.30 `!atexit` --- Exit handlers atexit The !atexit module defines functions to register and unregister exit handlers: functions that are ... 1 天前
    31. 10.31 `!audioop` --- Manipulate raw audio data audioop 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3... 1 天前
    32. 10.32 audit_events single: audit events Audit events table This table contains all events raised by sys.audit or PySys_Audit... 1 天前
    33. 10.33 `!base64` --- Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings base64 Source code: Lib/base64.py pair: base64; encoding single: MIME; base64 encoding This module provide... 1 天前
    34. 10.34 `!bdb` --- Debugger framework bdb Source code: Lib/bdb.py The !bdb module handles basic debugger functions, like setting breakpoints or... 1 天前
    35. 10.35 Binary Data Services The modules described in this chapter provide some basic services operations for manipulation of binary dat... 1 天前
    36. 10.36 `!binascii` --- Convert between binary and ASCII binascii pair: module; base64 The !binascii module contains a number of methods to convert between binary ... 1 天前
    37. 10.37 `!bisect` --- Array bisection algorithm bisect Source code: Lib/bisect.py This module provides support for maintaining a list in sorted order with... 1 天前
    38. 10.38 `!builtins` --- Built-in objects builtins This module provides direct access to all 'built-in' identifiers of Python; for example, builtins... 1 天前
    39. 10.39 `!bz2` --- Support for `bzip2` compression bz2 Source code: Lib/bz2.py This module provides a comprehensive interface for compressing and decompressi... 1 天前
    40. 10.40 `!calendar` --- General calendar-related functions calendar Source code: Lib/calendar.py This module allows you to output calendars like the Unix cal progra... 1 天前
    41. 10.41 `!cgi` --- Common Gateway Interface support cgi 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.13 ... 1 天前
    42. 10.42 `!cgitb` --- Traceback manager for CGI scripts cgitb 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.1... 1 天前
    43. 10.43 `!chunk` --- Read IFF chunked data chunk 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.1... 1 天前
    44. 10.44 `!cmath` --- Mathematical functions for complex numbers cmath This module provides access to mathematical functions for complex numbers. The functions in this modu... 1 天前
    45. 10.45 `!cmd` --- Support for line-oriented command interpreters cmd Source code: Lib/cmd.py The Cmd class provides a simple framework for writing line-oriented command i... 1 天前
    46. 10.46 Modules command-line interface (CLI) The following modules have a command-line interface. ast <ast-cli> asyncio <asyncio-cli> base64 calendar <c... 1 天前
    47. 10.47 Command-line interface libraries The modules described in this chapter assist with implementing command line and terminal interfaces for app... 1 天前
    48. 10.48 `!code` --- Interpreter base classes code Source code: Lib/code.py The code module provides facilities to implement read-eval-print loops in P... 1 天前
    49. 10.49 `!codecs` --- Codec registry and base classes codecs Source code: Lib/codecs.py single: Unicode single: Codecs pair: Codecs; encode pair: Codecs; decode... 1 天前
    50. 10.50 `!codeop` --- Compile Python code codeop Source code: Lib/codeop.py The !codeop module provides utilities upon which the Python read-eval-p... 1 天前
    51. 10.51 `!collections.abc` --- Abstract Base Classes for Containers collections.abc 3.3 Formerly, this module was part of the collections module. Source code: Lib/_collectio... 1 天前
    52. 10.52 `!collections` --- Container datatypes collections Source code: Lib/collections/__init__.py from collections import * import itertools __name__ =... 1 天前
    53. 10.53 `!colorsys` --- Conversions between color systems colorsys Source code: Lib/colorsys.py The !colorsys module defines bidirectional conversions of color val... 1 天前
    54. 10.54 `!compileall` --- Byte-compile Python libraries compileall Source code: Lib/compileall.py This module provides some utility functions to support installin... 1 天前
    55. 10.55 The `!compression` package compression 3.14 The !compression package contains the canonical compression modules containing interfaces... 1 天前
    56. 10.56 `!compression.zstd` --- Compression compatible with the Zstandard format compression.zstd 3.14 Source code: Lib/compression/zstd/__init__.py This module provides classes and funct... 1 天前
    57. 10.57 Concurrent Execution The modules described in this chapter provide support for concurrent execution of code. The appropriate cho... 1 天前
    58. 10.58 `!concurrent.futures` --- Launching parallel tasks concurrent.futures 3.2 Source code: Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py, Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py, ... 1 天前
    59. 10.59 `!concurrent.interpreters` --- Multiple interpreters in the same process concurrent.interpreters 3.14 Source code: Lib/concurrent/interpreters The !concurrent.interpreters module... 1 天前
    60. 10.60 The `!concurrent` package This package contains the following modules: concurrent.futures -- Launching parallel tasks concurrent.inte... 1 天前
    61. 10.61 `!configparser` --- Configuration file parser configparser Source code: Lib/configparser.py pair: .ini; file pair: configuration; file single: ini file ... 1 天前
    62. 10.62 `!contextlib` --- Utilities for `!with`-statement contexts contextlib Source code: Lib/contextlib.py This module provides utilities for common tasks involving the w... 1 天前
    63. 10.63 `!contextvars` --- Context Variables contextvars This module provides APIs to manage, store, and access context-local state. The ~contextvars.C... 1 天前
    64. 10.64 `!copy` --- Shallow and deep copy operations copy Source code: Lib/copy.py Assignment statements in Python do not copy objects, they create bindings be... 1 天前
    65. 10.65 `!copyreg` --- Register `!pickle` support functions copyreg Source code: Lib/copyreg.py pair: module; pickle pair: module; copy The !copyreg module offers a ... 1 天前
    66. 10.66 `!crypt` --- Function to check Unix passwords crypt 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.1... 1 天前
    67. 10.67 Cryptographic Services single: cryptography The modules described in this chapter implement various algorithms of a cryptographic ... 1 天前
    68. 10.68 `!csv` --- CSV file reading and writing csv Source code: Lib/csv.py single: csv pair: data; tabular The so-called CSV (Comma Separated Values) for... 1 天前
    69. 10.69 `!ctypes` --- A foreign function library for Python ctypes Source code: Lib/ctypes !ctypes is a foreign function library for Python. It provides C compatible ... 1 天前
    70. 10.70 `!curses.ascii` --- Utilities for ASCII characters curses.ascii Source code: Lib/curses/ascii.py The !curses.ascii module supplies name constants for ASCII ... 1 天前
    71. 10.71 `!curses` --- Terminal handling for character-cell displays curses Source code: Lib/curses The !curses module provides an interface to the curses library, the de-fac... 1 天前
    72. 10.72 `!curses.panel` --- A panel stack extension for curses curses.panel Panels are windows with the added feature of depth, so they can be stacked on top of each othe... 1 天前
    73. 10.73 Custom Python Interpreters The modules described in this chapter allow writing interfaces similar to Python's interactive interpreter.... 1 天前
    74. 10.74 `!dataclasses` --- Data Classes dataclasses Source code: Lib/dataclasses.py This module provides a decorator and functions for automatical... 1 天前
    75. 10.75 Data Types The modules described in this chapter provide a variety of specialized data types such as dates and times, ... 1 天前
    76. 10.76 `!datetime` --- Basic date and time types datetime Source code: Lib/datetime.py The !datetime module supplies classes for manipulating dates and ti... 1 天前
    77. 10.77 `!dbm` --- Interfaces to Unix "databases" dbm Source code: Lib/dbm/__init__.py !dbm is a generic interface to variants of the DBM database: dbm.sqli... 1 天前
    78. 10.78 Debugging and profiling These libraries help you with Python development: the debugger enables you to step through code, analyze st... 1 天前
    79. 10.79 `!decimal` --- Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic decimal Source code: Lib/decimal.py import decimal import math from decimal import * # make sure each grou... 1 天前
    80. 10.80 Development Tools The modules described in this chapter help you write software. For example, the pydoc module takes a modul... 1 天前
    81. 10.81 Python Development Mode 3.7 The Python Development Mode introduces additional runtime checks that are too expensive to be enabled b... 1 天前
    82. 10.82 `!difflib` --- Helpers for computing deltas difflib Source code: Lib/difflib.py import sys from difflib import * This module provides classes and func... 1 天前
    83. 10.83 `!dis` --- Disassembler for Python bytecode dis Source code: Lib/dis.py import dis def myfunc(alist): return len(alist) The !dis module supports the ... 1 天前
    84. 10.84 Software Packaging and Distribution These libraries help you with publishing and installing Python software. While these modules are designed t... 1 天前
    85. 10.85 `!distutils` --- Building and installing Python modules distutils 3.10 3.12 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python... 1 天前
    86. 10.86 `!doctest` --- Test interactive Python examples doctest Source code: Lib/doctest.py The !doctest module searches for pieces of text that look like intera... 1 天前
    87. 10.87 `!email.charset`: Representing character sets email.charset Source code: Lib/email/charset.py This module is part of the legacy ( Compat32) email API. I... 1 天前
    88. 10.88 `email.message.Message`: Representing an email message using the `~email.policy.compat32` API email.message The Message class is very similar to the ~email.message.EmailMessage class, without the met... 1 天前
    89. 10.89 `!email.contentmanager`: Managing MIME Content email.contentmanager Source code: Lib/email/contentmanager.py 3.6[^1] Base class for content managers. Pro... 1 天前
    90. 10.90 `!email.encoders`: Encoders email.encoders Source code: Lib/email/encoders.py This module is part of the legacy ( Compat32) email API.... 1 天前
    91. 10.91 `!email.errors`: Exception and Defect classes email.errors Source code: Lib/email/errors.py The following exception classes are defined in the !email.e... 1 天前
    92. 10.92 `email`: Examples Here are a few examples of how to use the email package to read, write, and send simple email messages, as... 1 天前
    93. 10.93 `!email.generator`: Generating MIME documents email.generator Source code: Lib/email/generator.py One of the most common tasks is to generate the flat (... 1 天前
    94. 10.94 `!email.header`: Internationalized headers email.header Source code: Lib/email/header.py This module is part of the legacy ( Compat32) email API. In ... 1 天前
    95. 10.95 `!email.headerregistry`: Custom Header Objects email.headerregistry Source code: Lib/email/headerregistry.py 3.6[^1] Headers are represented by customize... 1 天前
    96. 10.96 `!email.iterators`: Iterators email.iterators Source code: Lib/email/iterators.py Iterating over a message object tree is fairly easy wi... 1 天前
    97. 10.97 `!email` --- An email and MIME handling package email Source code: Lib/email/__init__.py The !email package is a library for managing email messages. It ... 1 天前
    98. 10.98 `!email.message`: Representing an email message email.message Source code: Lib/email/message.py 3.6[^1] The central class in the email package is the Em... 1 天前
    99. 10.99 `!email.mime`: Creating email and MIME objects from scratch email.mime Source code: Lib/email/mime/ This module is part of the legacy ( Compat32) email API. Its funct... 1 天前
    100. 10.100 `!email.parser`: Parsing email messages email.parser Source code: Lib/email/parser.py Message object structures can be created in one of two ways:... 1 天前
    101. 10.101 `!email.policy`: Policy Objects email.policy 3.3 Source code: Lib/email/policy.py The email package's prime focus is the handling of emai... 1 天前
    102. 10.102 `!email.utils`: Miscellaneous utilities email.utils Source code: Lib/email/utils.py There are a couple of useful utilities provided in the !email... 1 天前
    103. 10.103 `!ensurepip` --- Bootstrapping the `pip` installer ensurepip 3.4 Source code: Lib/ensurepip The !ensurepip package provides support for bootstrapping the p... 1 天前
    104. 10.104 `!enum` --- Support for enumerations enum 3.4 Source code: Lib/enum.py Important This page contains the API reference information. For tutorial... 1 天前
    105. 10.105 `!errno` --- Standard errno system symbols errno This module makes available standard errno system symbols. The value of each symbol is the correspon... 1 天前
    106. 10.106 `!faulthandler` --- Dump the Python traceback faulthandler 3.3 This module contains functions to dump Python tracebacks explicitly, on a fault, after a t... 1 天前
    107. 10.107 `!fcntl` --- The `fcntl` and `ioctl` system calls fcntl pair: UNIX; file control pair: UNIX; I/O control This module performs file and I/O control on file de... 1 天前
    108. 10.108 `!filecmp` --- File and Directory Comparisons filecmp Source code: Lib/filecmp.py The !filecmp module defines functions to compare files and directorie... 1 天前
    109. 10.109 File Formats The modules described in this chapter parse various miscellaneous file formats that aren't markup languages... 1 天前
    110. 10.110 `!fileinput` --- Iterate over lines from multiple input streams fileinput Source code: Lib/fileinput.py This module implements a helper class and functions to quickly wri... 1 天前
    111. 10.111 File and Directory Access The modules described in this chapter deal with disk files and directories. For example, there are modules ... 1 天前
    112. 10.112 `!fnmatch` --- Unix filename pattern matching fnmatch Source code: Lib/fnmatch.py single: filenames; wildcard expansion pair: module; re This module pro... 1 天前
    113. 10.113 `!fractions` --- Rational numbers fractions Source code: Lib/fractions.py The !fractions module provides support for rational number arithm... 1 天前
    114. 10.114 frameworks orphan Program frameworks This chapter is no longer maintained, and the modules it contained have been move... 1 天前
    115. 10.115 `!ftplib` --- FTP protocol client ftplib Source code: Lib/ftplib.py pair: FTP; protocol single: FTP; ftplib (standard module) This module de... 1 天前
    116. 10.116 Functional Programming Modules The modules described in this chapter provide functions and classes that support a functional programming s... 1 天前
    117. 10.117 `!functools` --- Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects functools Source code: Lib/functools.py default import functools from functools import * The !functools m... 1 天前
    118. 10.118 `!gc` --- Garbage Collector interface gc This module provides an interface to the optional garbage collector. It provides the ability to disable ... 1 天前
    119. 10.119 `!getopt` --- C-style parser for command line options getopt Source code: Lib/getopt.py [!NOTE] This module is considered feature complete. A more declarative a... 1 天前
    120. 10.120 `!getpass` --- Portable password input getpass Source code: Lib/getpass.py not WASI. This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly... 1 天前
    121. 10.121 `!gettext` --- Multilingual internationalization services gettext Source code: Lib/gettext.py The !gettext module provides internationalization (I18N) and localiza... 1 天前
    122. 10.122 `!glob` --- Unix style pathname pattern expansion glob Source code: Lib/glob.py single: filenames; pathname expansion single: * (asterisk); in glob-style wi... 1 天前
    123. 10.123 `!graphlib` --- Functionality to operate with graph-like structures graphlib Source code: Lib/graphlib.py default import graphlib from graphlib import * Provides functionalit... 1 天前
    124. 10.124 `!grp` --- The group database grp This module provides access to the Unix group database. It is available on all Unix versions. Unix, not... 1 天前
    125. 10.125 `!gzip` --- Support for `gzip` files gzip Source code: Lib/gzip.py This module provides a simple interface to compress and decompress files jus... 1 天前
    126. 10.126 `!hashlib` --- Secure hashes and message digests hashlib Source code: Lib/hashlib.py single: message digest, MD5 single: secure hash algorithm, SHA1, SHA2,... 1 天前
    127. 10.127 `!heapq` --- Heap queue algorithm heapq Source code: Lib/heapq.py This module provides an implementation of the heap queue algorithm, also k... 1 天前
    128. 10.128 `!hmac` --- Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication hmac Source code: Lib/hmac.py This module implements the HMAC algorithm as described by 2104. The interfa... 1 天前
    129. 10.129 `!html.entities` --- Definitions of HTML general entities html.entities Source code: Lib/html/entities.py This module defines four dictionaries, html5, name2codep... 1 天前
    130. 10.130 `!html` --- HyperText Markup Language support html Source code: Lib/html/__init__.py This module defines utilities to manipulate HTML. escape(s, quote=T... 1 天前
    131. 10.131 `!html.parser` --- Simple HTML and XHTML parser html.parser Source code: Lib/html/parser.py single: HTML single: XHTML This module defines a class HTMLPa... 1 天前
    132. 10.132 `!http.client` --- HTTP protocol client http.client Source code: Lib/http/client.py pair: HTTP; protocol single: HTTP; http.client (standard modul... 1 天前
    133. 10.133 `!http.cookiejar` --- Cookie handling for HTTP clients http.cookiejar Source code: Lib/http/cookiejar.py The !http.cookiejar module defines classes for automati... 1 天前
    134. 10.134 `!http.cookies` --- HTTP state management http.cookies Source code: Lib/http/cookies.py The !http.cookies module defines classes for abstracting th... 1 天前
    135. 10.135 `!http` --- HTTP modules http Source code: Lib/http/__init__.py pair: HTTP; protocol single: HTTP; http (standard module) !http is ... 1 天前
    136. 10.136 `!http.server` --- HTTP servers http.server Source code: Lib/http/server.py pair: WWW; server pair: HTTP; protocol single: URL single: htt... 1 天前
    137. 10.137 Internationalization The modules described in this chapter help you write software that is independent of language and locale by... 1 天前
    138. 10.138 IDLE --- Python editor and shell Source code: Lib/idlelib/ single: IDLE single: Python Editor single: Integrated Development Environment ID... 1 天前
    139. 10.139 `!imaplib` --- IMAP4 protocol client imaplib Source code: Lib/imaplib.py pair: IMAP4; protocol pair: IMAP4_SSL; protocol pair: IMAP4_stream; pr... 1 天前
    140. 10.140 `!imghdr` --- Determine the type of an image imghdr 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.... 1 天前
    141. 10.141 `!imp` --- Access the import internals imp 3.4 3.12 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.12 <... 1 天前
    142. 10.142 `!importlib` --- The implementation of `!import` importlib 3.1 Source code: Lib/importlib/__init__.py Introduction The purpose of the !importlib package i... 1 天前
    143. 10.143 `!importlib.metadata` -- Accessing package metadata importlib.metadata 3.8 3.10 importlib.metadata is no longer provisional. Source code: Lib/importlib/metad... 1 天前
    144. 10.144 `!importlib.resources.abc` -- Abstract base classes for resources importlib.resources.abc Source code: Lib/importlib/resources/abc.py 3.11 Superseded by TraversableResource... 1 天前
    145. 10.145 `!importlib.resources` -- Package resource reading, opening and access importlib.resources Source code: Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py 3.7 This module leverages Python's im... 1 天前
    146. 10.146 The Python standard library This library reference manual describes the standard library distributed with Python. It also describes som... 1 天前
    147. 10.147 `!inspect` --- Inspect live objects import inspect from inspect import * inspect Source code: Lib/inspect.py The !inspect module provides sev... 1 天前
    148. 10.148 Internet Protocols and Support single: WWW single: Internet single: World Wide Web pair: module; socket The modules described in this chap... 1 天前
    149. 10.149 Introduction The Python standard library consists of a collection of modules. There are many ways to dissect this collec... 1 天前
    150. 10.150 `!io` --- Core tools for working with streams io Source code: Lib/io.py Overview single: file object; io module The !io module provides Python's main f... 1 天前
    151. 10.151 `!ipaddress` --- IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library ipaddress Source code: Lib/ipaddress.py !ipaddress provides the capabilities to create, manipulate and ope... 1 天前
    152. 10.152 Networking and Interprocess Communication The modules described in this chapter provide mechanisms for networking and inter-processes communication. ... 1 天前
    153. 10.153 `!itertools` --- Functions creating iterators for efficient looping itertools from itertools import * import collections import math import operator import random This module ... 1 天前
    154. 10.154 `!json` --- JSON encoder and decoder json Source code: Lib/json/__init__.py JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), specified by 7159 (which obsole... 1 天前
    155. 10.155 `!keyword` --- Testing for Python keywords keyword Source code: Lib/keyword.py This module allows a Python program to determine if a string is a key... 1 天前
    156. 10.156 Python Language Services Python provides a number of modules to assist in working with the Python language. These modules support to... 1 天前
    157. 10.157 `!linecache` --- Random access to text lines linecache Source code: Lib/linecache.py The !linecache module allows one to get any line from a Python so... 1 天前
    158. 10.158 `!locale` --- Internationalization services locale Source code: Lib/locale.py The !locale module opens access to the POSIX locale database and functi... 1 天前
    159. 10.159 `!logging.config` --- Logging configuration logging.config Source code: Lib/logging/config.py Important This page contains only reference information.... 1 天前
    160. 10.160 `!logging.handlers` --- Logging handlers logging.handlers Source code: Lib/logging/handlers.py Important This page contains only reference informat... 1 天前
    161. 10.161 `!logging` --- Logging facility for Python logging Source code: Lib/logging/__init__.py pair: Errors; logging Important This page contains the API re... 1 天前
    162. 10.162 `!lzma` --- Compression using the LZMA algorithm lzma 3.3 Source code: Lib/lzma.py This module provides classes and convenience functions for compressing a... 1 天前
    163. 10.163 `!mailbox` --- Manipulate mailboxes in various formats mailbox Source code: Lib/mailbox.py This module defines two classes, Mailbox and Message, for accessing ... 1 天前
    164. 10.164 `!mailcap` --- Mailcap file handling mailcap 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3... 1 天前
    165. 10.165 Structured Markup Processing Tools Python supports a variety of modules to work with various forms of structured data markup. This includes mo... 1 天前
    166. 10.166 `!marshal` --- Internal Python object serialization marshal This module contains functions that can read and write Python values in a binary format. The format... 1 天前
    167. 10.167 `!math.integer` --- integer-specific mathematics functions math.integer 3.15 This module provides access to the mathematical functions defined for integer arguments. ... 1 天前
    168. 10.168 `!math` --- Mathematical functions math from math import fsum This module provides access to common mathematical functions and constants, incl... 1 天前
    169. 10.169 `!mimetypes` --- Map filenames to MIME types mimetypes Source code: Lib/mimetypes.py pair: MIME; content type The !mimetypes module converts between a... 1 天前
    170. 10.170 Multimedia Services The modules described in this chapter implement various algorithms or interfaces that are mainly useful for... 1 天前
    171. 10.171 `!mmap` --- Memory-mapped file support mmap not WASI. This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See wasm-availability for mor... 1 天前
    172. 10.172 `!modulefinder` --- Find modules used by a script modulefinder Source code: Lib/modulefinder.py This module provides a ModuleFinder class that can be used ... 1 天前
    173. 10.173 Importing Modules The modules described in this chapter provide new ways to import other Python modules and hooks for customi... 1 天前
    174. 10.174 `!msilib` --- Read and write Microsoft Installer files msilib 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.... 1 天前
    175. 10.175 `!msvcrt` --- Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime msvcrt Source code: PC/msvcrtmodule.c These functions provide access to some useful capabilities on Window... 1 天前
    176. 10.176 `!multiprocessing` --- Process-based parallelism multiprocessing Source code: Lib/multiprocessing/ not Android, not iOS, not WASI. This module is not suppo... 1 天前
    177. 10.177 `!multiprocessing.shared_memory` --- Shared memory for direct access across processes multiprocessing.shared_memory Source code: Lib/multiprocessing/shared_memory.py 3.8 single: Shared Memory ... 1 天前
    178. 10.178 Internet Data Handling This chapter describes modules which support handling data formats commonly used on the internet. email.rst... 1 天前
    179. 10.179 `!netrc` --- netrc file processing netrc Source code: Lib/netrc.py The ~netrc.netrc class parses and encapsulates the netrc file format used... 1 天前
    180. 10.180 `!nis` --- Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages) nis 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.13 ... 1 天前
    181. 10.181 `!nntplib` --- NNTP protocol client nntplib 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3... 1 天前
    182. 10.182 `!numbers` --- Numeric abstract base classes numbers Source code: Lib/numbers.py The !numbers module ( 3141) defines a hierarchy of numeric abstract ... 1 天前
    183. 10.183 Numeric and Mathematical Modules The modules described in this chapter provide numeric and math-related functions and data types. The numbe... 1 天前
    184. 10.184 `!operator` --- Standard operators as functions operator Source code: Lib/operator.py import operator from operator import itemgetter, iadd The !operator... 1 天前
    185. 10.185 `!optparse` --- Parser for command line options optparse Source code: Lib/optparse.py Choosing an argument parsing library The standard library includes t... 1 天前
    186. 10.186 `!os` --- Miscellaneous operating system interfaces os Source code: Lib/os.py This module provides a portable way of using operating system dependent function... 1 天前
    187. 10.187 `!os.path` --- Common pathname manipulations os.path Source code: Lib/genericpath.py, Lib/posixpath.py (for POSIX) and Lib/ntpath.py (for Windows). s... 1 天前
    188. 10.188 `!ossaudiodev` --- Access to OSS-compatible audio devices ossaudiodev 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Pyth... 1 天前
    189. 10.189 `!pathlib` --- Object-oriented filesystem paths pathlib 3.4 Source code: Lib/pathlib/ single: path; operations This module offers classes representing fil... 1 天前
    190. 10.190 `!pdb` --- The Python Debugger pdb Source code: Lib/pdb.py single: debugging The module !pdb defines an interactive source code debugger... 1 天前
    191. 10.191 Data Persistence The modules described in this chapter support storing Python data in a persistent form on disk. The pickle... 1 天前
    192. 10.192 `!pickle` --- Python object serialization pickle Source code: Lib/pickle.py single: persistence pair: persistent; objects pair: serializing; objects... 1 天前
    193. 10.193 `!pickletools` --- Tools for pickle developers pickletools Source code: Lib/pickletools.py This module contains various constants relating to the intimat... 1 天前
    194. 10.194 `!pipes` --- Interface to shell pipelines pipes 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.1... 1 天前
    195. 10.195 `!pkgutil` --- Package extension utility pkgutil Source code: Lib/pkgutil.py This module provides utilities for the import system, in particular pa... 1 天前
    196. 10.196 `!platform` --- Access to underlying platform's identifying data platform Source code: Lib/platform.py [!NOTE] Specific platforms listed alphabetically, with Linux include... 1 天前
    197. 10.197 `!plistlib` --- Generate and parse Apple `.plist` files plistlib Source code: Lib/plistlib.py pair: plist; file single: property list This module provides an inte... 1 天前
    198. 10.198 `!poplib` --- POP3 protocol client poplib Source code: Lib/poplib.py pair: POP3; protocol This module defines a class, POP3, which encapsula... 1 天前
    199. 10.199 `!posix` --- The most common POSIX system calls posix This module provides access to operating system functionality that is standardized by the C Standard ... 1 天前
    200. 10.200 `!pprint` --- Data pretty printer pprint Source code: Lib/pprint.py The !pprint module provides a capability to "pretty-print" arbitrary Py... 1 天前
    201. 10.201 `!profile` --- Pure Python profiler profile Source code: Lib/profile.py 3.15 3.17 The !profile module is deprecated and will be removed in Py... 1 天前
    202. 10.202 `!profiling` --- Python profilers profiling 3.15 Source code: Lib/profiling/ single: statistical profiling single: profiling, statistical si... 1 天前
    203. 10.203 `!profiling.sampling` --- Statistical profiler profiling.sampling 3.15 Source code: Lib/profiling/sampling/ profiling.sampling The !profiling.sampling m... 1 天前
    204. 10.204 `!profiling.tracing` --- Deterministic profiler profiling.tracing cProfile 3.15 Source code: Lib/profiling/tracing/ The !profiling.tracing module provide... 1 天前
    205. 10.205 `!pstats` --- Statistics for profilers pstats Source code: Lib/pstats.py The !pstats module provides tools for reading, manipulating, and displa... 1 天前
    206. 10.206 `!pty` --- Pseudo-terminal utilities pty Source code: Lib/pty.py The !pty module defines operations for handling the pseudo-terminal concept: ... 1 天前
    207. 10.207 `!pwd` --- The password database pwd This module provides access to the Unix user account and password database. It is available on all Unix... 1 天前
    208. 10.208 `!py_compile` --- Compile Python source files py_compile Source code: Lib/py_compile.py pair: file; byte-code The !py_compile module provides a functio... 1 天前
    209. 10.209 `!pyclbr` --- Python module browser support pyclbr Source code: Lib/pyclbr.py The !pyclbr module provides limited information about the functions, cl... 1 天前
    210. 10.210 `!pydoc` --- Documentation generator and online help system pydoc Source code: Lib/pydoc.py single: documentation; generation single: documentation; online single: he... 1 天前
    211. 10.211 `!xml.parsers.expat` --- Fast XML parsing using Expat xml.parsers.expat Many of the attributes of the XMLParser objects are callbacks. Since signature informatio... 1 天前
    212. 10.212 Python Runtime Services The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services related to the Python interpreter an... 1 天前
    213. 10.213 `!queue` --- A synchronized queue class queue Source code: Lib/queue.py The !queue module implements multi-producer, multi-consumer queues. It is... 1 天前
    214. 10.214 `!quopri` --- Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data quopri Source code: Lib/quopri.py pair: quoted-printable; encoding single: MIME; quoted-printable encoding... 1 天前
    215. 10.215 `!random` --- Generate pseudo-random numbers random Source code: Lib/random.py This module implements pseudo-random number generators for various distr... 1 天前
    216. 10.216 re tocdepth 3 !re --- Regular expression operations re Source code: Lib/re/ This module provides regular expr... 1 天前
    217. 10.217 `!readline` --- GNU readline interface readline The !readline module defines a number of functions to facilitate completion and reading/writing o... 1 天前
    218. 10.218 removed tocdepth 1 Removed Modules The modules described in this chapter have been removed from the Python standard... 1 天前
    219. 10.219 `!reprlib` --- Alternate `repr` implementation reprlib Source code: Lib/reprlib.py The !reprlib module provides a means for producing object representat... 1 天前
    220. 10.220 `!resource` --- Resource usage information resource This module provides basic mechanisms for measuring and controlling system resources utilized by a... 1 天前
    221. 10.221 `!rlcompleter` --- Completion function for GNU readline rlcompleter Source code: Lib/rlcompleter.py The !rlcompleter module defines a completion function suitabl... 1 天前
    222. 10.222 `!runpy` --- Locating and executing Python modules runpy Source code: Lib/runpy.py The !runpy module is used to locate and run Python modules without import... 1 天前
    223. 10.223 `!sched` --- Event scheduler sched Source code: Lib/sched.py single: event scheduling The !sched module defines a class which implemen... 1 天前
    224. 10.224 `!secrets` --- Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets secrets 3.6 from secrets import * __name__ = '<doctest>' Source code: Lib/secrets.py The !secrets module ... 1 天前
    225. 10.225 security_warnings single: security considerations Security Considerations The following modules have specific security consid... 1 天前
    226. 10.226 `!select` --- Waiting for I/O completion select This module provides access to the !select and !poll functions available in most operating systems... 1 天前
    227. 10.227 `!selectors` --- High-level I/O multiplexing selectors 3.4 Source code: Lib/selectors.py Introduction This module allows high-level and efficient I/O m... 1 天前
    228. 10.228 `!shelve` --- Python object persistence shelve Source code: Lib/shelve.py pair: module; pickle A "shelf" is a persistent, dictionary-like object. ... 1 天前
    229. 10.229 `!shlex` --- Simple lexical analysis shlex Source code: Lib/shlex.py The ~shlex.shlex class makes it easy to write lexical analyzers for simpl... 1 天前
    230. 10.230 `!shutil` --- High-level file operations shutil Source code: Lib/shutil.py single: file; copying single: copying files The !shutil module offers a... 1 天前
    231. 10.231 `!signal` --- Set handlers for asynchronous events signal Source code: Lib/signal.py This module provides mechanisms to use signal handlers in Python. Genera... 1 天前
    232. 10.232 `!site` --- Site-specific configuration hook site Source code: Lib/site.py This module is automatically imported during initialization. The automatic i... 1 天前
    233. 10.233 `!smtpd` --- SMTP Server smtpd 3.6 3.12 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.12... 1 天前
    234. 10.234 `!smtplib` --- SMTP protocol client smtplib Source code: Lib/smtplib.py pair: SMTP; protocol single: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol The !smtpl... 1 天前
    235. 10.235 `!sndhdr` --- Determine type of sound file sndhdr 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.... 1 天前
    236. 10.236 `!socket` --- Low-level networking interface socket Source code: Lib/socket.py This module provides access to the BSD socket interface. It is available... 1 天前
    237. 10.237 `!socketserver` --- A framework for network servers socketserver Source code: Lib/socketserver.py The !socketserver module simplifies the task of writing net... 1 天前
    238. 10.238 `!spwd` --- The shadow password database spwd 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.13... 1 天前
    239. 10.239 `!sqlite3` --- DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases sqlite3 Source code: Lib/sqlite3/ import sqlite3 src = sqlite3.connect(":memory:", isolation_level=None) d... 1 天前
    240. 10.240 `!ssl` --- TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects ssl Source code: Lib/ssl.py single: OpenSSL; (use in module ssl) TLS, SSL, Transport Layer Security, Secur... 1 天前
    241. 10.241 `!stat` --- Interpreting `~os.stat` results stat Source code: Lib/stat.py The !stat module defines constants and functions for interpreting the resul... 1 天前
    242. 10.242 `!statistics` --- Mathematical statistics functions statistics 3.4 Source code: Lib/statistics.py from statistics import * import math __name__ = '<doctest>' ... 1 天前
    243. 10.243 `!string` --- Common string operations string Source code: Lib/string/__init__.py textseq string-methods String constants The constants defined i... 1 天前
    244. 10.244 `!string.templatelib` --- Support for template string literals string.templatelib Source code: Lib/string/templatelib.py Format strings <f-strings> Template string liter... 1 天前
    245. 10.245 `!stringprep` --- Internet String Preparation stringprep Source code: Lib/stringprep.py When identifying things (such as host names) in the internet, it... 1 天前
    246. 10.246 `!struct` --- Interpret bytes as packed binary data from struct import * struct Source code: Lib/struct.py pair: C; structures triple: packing; binary; data T... 1 天前
    247. 10.247 `!subprocess` --- Subprocess management subprocess Source code: Lib/subprocess.py The !subprocess module allows you to spawn new processes, conne... 1 天前
    248. 10.248 `!sunau` --- Read and write Sun AU files sunau 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.1... 1 天前
    249. 10.249 Superseded modules The modules described in this chapter have been superseded by other modules for most use cases, and are ret... 1 天前
    250. 10.250 `!symtable` --- Access to the compiler's symbol tables symtable Source code: Lib/symtable.py Symbol tables are generated by the compiler from AST just before byt... 1 天前
    251. 10.251 `!sys` --- System-specific parameters and functions sys This module provides access to some variables used or maintained by the interpreter and to functions th... 1 天前
    252. 10.252 `!sys.monitoring` --- Execution event monitoring sys.monitoring 3.12 [!NOTE] !sys.monitoring is a namespace within the sys module, not an independent modul... 1 天前
    253. 10.253 The initialization of the `sys.path` module search path A module search path is initialized when Python starts. This module search path may be accessed at sys.pat... 1 天前
    254. 10.254 `!sysconfig` --- Provide access to Python's configuration information sysconfig 3.2 Source code: Lib/sysconfig single: configuration information The !sysconfig module provides... 1 天前
    255. 10.255 `!syslog` --- Unix syslog library routines syslog This module provides an interface to the Unix syslog library routines. Refer to the Unix manual pag... 1 天前
    256. 10.256 `!tabnanny` --- Detection of ambiguous indentation tabnanny Source code: Lib/tabnanny.py For the time being this module is intended to be called as a script.... 1 天前
    257. 10.257 `!tarfile` --- Read and write tar archive files tarfile Source code: Lib/tarfile.py The !tarfile module makes it possible to read and write tar archives,... 1 天前
    258. 10.258 `!telnetlib` --- Telnet client telnetlib 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python... 1 天前
    259. 10.259 `!tempfile` --- Generate temporary files and directories tempfile Source code: Lib/tempfile.py pair: temporary; file name pair: temporary; file This module creates... 1 天前
    260. 10.260 `!termios` --- POSIX style tty control termios pair: POSIX; I/O control pair: tty; I/O control This module provides an interface to the POSIX call... 1 天前
    261. 10.261 `!test` --- Regression tests package for Python test [!NOTE] The !test package is meant for internal use by Python only. It is documented for the benefit ... 1 天前
    262. 10.262 Text Processing Services<span id="stringservices"></span> The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of string manipulation operations and other text... 1 天前
    263. 10.263 `!textwrap` --- Text wrapping and filling textwrap Source code: Lib/textwrap.py The !textwrap module provides some convenience functions, as well a... 1 天前
    264. 10.264 `!threading` --- Thread-based parallelism threading Source code: Lib/threading.py This module constructs higher-level threading interfaces on top of... 1 天前
    265. 10.265 `!time` --- Time access and conversions time This module provides various time-related functions. For related functionality, see also the datetime... 1 天前
    266. 10.266 `!timeit` --- Measure execution time of small code snippets timeit Source code: Lib/timeit.py single: Benchmarking single: Performance This module provides a simple w... 1 天前
    267. 10.267 Graphical user interfaces with Tk single: GUI single: Graphical User Interface single: Tkinter single: Tk Tk/Tcl has long been an integral pa... 1 天前
    268. 10.268 `!tkinter.colorchooser` --- Color choosing dialog tkinter.colorchooser Source code: Lib/tkinter/colorchooser.py The !tkinter.colorchooser module provides t... 1 天前
    269. 10.269 Tkinter dialogs !tkinter.simpledialog --- Standard Tkinter input dialogs tkinter.simpledialog Source code: Lib/tkinter/sim... 1 天前
    270. 10.270 `!tkinter.dnd` --- Drag and drop support tkinter.dnd Source code: Lib/tkinter/dnd.py [!NOTE] This is experimental and due to be deprecated when it ... 1 天前
    271. 10.271 `!tkinter.font` --- Tkinter font wrapper tkinter.font Source code: Lib/tkinter/font.py The !tkinter.font module provides the Font class for creat... 1 天前
    272. 10.272 `!tkinter.fontchooser` --- Font selection dialog tkinter.fontchooser 3.16 Source code: Lib/tkinter/fontchooser.py The !tkinter.fontchooser module provides... 1 天前
    273. 10.273 `!tkinter` --- Python interface to Tcl/Tk tkinter Source code: Lib/tkinter/__init__.py The !tkinter package ("Tk interface") is the standard Python... 1 天前
    274. 10.274 `!tkinter.messagebox` --- Tkinter message prompts tkinter.messagebox Source code: Lib/tkinter/messagebox.py The !tkinter.messagebox module provides a templ... 1 天前
    275. 10.275 `!tkinter.scrolledtext` --- Scrolled text widget tkinter.scrolledtext Source code: Lib/tkinter/scrolledtext.py The !tkinter.scrolledtext module provides a... 1 天前
    276. 10.276 `!tkinter.systray` --- System tray icon and notifications tkinter.systray Source code: Lib/tkinter/systray.py 3.16 The !tkinter.systray module provides the SysTra... 1 天前
    277. 10.277 `!tkinter.ttk` --- Tk themed widgets tkinter.ttk Source code: Lib/tkinter/ttk.py single: ttk The !tkinter.ttk module provides access to the Tk... 1 天前
    278. 10.278 `!token` --- Constants used with Python parse trees token Source code: Lib/token.py This module provides constants which represent the numeric values of leaf ... 1 天前
    279. 10.279 `!tokenize` --- Tokenizer for Python source tokenize Source code: Lib/tokenize.py The !tokenize module provides a lexical scanner for Python source c... 1 天前
    280. 10.280 `!tomllib` --- Parse TOML files tomllib Source code: Lib/tomllib This module provides an interface for parsing TOML 1.1.0 (Tom's Obvious M... 1 天前
    281. 10.281 `!trace` --- Trace or track Python statement execution trace Source code: Lib/trace.py The !trace module allows you to trace program execution, generate annotat... 1 天前
    282. 10.282 `!traceback` --- Print or retrieve a stack traceback traceback Source code: Lib/traceback.py This module provides a standard interface to extract, format and p... 1 天前
    283. 10.283 `!tracemalloc` --- Trace memory allocations tracemalloc 3.4 Source code: Lib/tracemalloc.py The tracemalloc module is a debug tool to trace memory blo... 1 天前
    284. 10.284 `!tty` --- Terminal control functions tty Source code: Lib/tty.py The !tty module defines functions for putting the tty into cbreak and raw mod... 1 天前
    285. 10.285 `!turtle` --- Turtle graphics turtle Source code: Lib/turtle.py default from turtle import * turtle = Turtle() import os os.remove("my_d... 1 天前
    286. 10.286 `!types` --- Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types types Source code: Lib/types.py This module defines utility functions to assist in dynamic creation of new... 1 天前
    287. 10.287 `!typing` --- Support for type hints import typing from dataclasses import dataclass from typing import * typing 3.5 Source code: Lib/typing.py... 1 天前
    288. 10.288 `!unicodedata` --- Unicode Database unicodedata single: Unicode single: character pair: Unicode; database This module provides access to the Un... 1 天前
    289. 10.289 `!unittest` --- Unit testing framework unittest Source code: Lib/unittest/__init__.py (If you are already familiar with the basic concepts of tes... 1 天前
    290. 10.290 `!unittest.mock` --- getting started unittest.mock 3.3 import asyncio import unittest from unittest.mock import Mock, MagicMock, AsyncMock, patc... 1 天前
    291. 10.291 `!unittest.mock` --- mock object library unittest.mock unittest.mock 3.3 Source code: Lib/unittest/mock.py !unittest.mock is a library for testing ... 1 天前
    292. 10.292 Unix-specific services The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to features that are unique to the Unix operating ... 1 天前
    293. 10.293 `!urllib.error` --- Exception classes raised by urllib.request urllib.error Source code: Lib/urllib/error.py The !urllib.error module defines the exception classes for ... 1 天前
    294. 10.294 `!urllib` --- URL handling modules urllib Source code: Lib/urllib/ urllib is a package that collects several modules for working with URLs: u... 1 天前
    295. 10.295 `!urllib.parse` --- Parse URLs into components urllib.parse Source code: Lib/urllib/parse.py single: WWW single: World Wide Web single: URL pair: URL; pa... 1 天前
    296. 10.296 `!urllib.request` --- Extensible library for opening URLs urllib.request Source code: Lib/urllib/request.py The !urllib.request module defines functions and classe... 1 天前
    297. 10.297 `!urllib.robotparser` --- Parser for robots.txt urllib.robotparser Source code: Lib/urllib/robotparser.py single: WWW single: World Wide Web single: URL s... 1 天前
    298. 10.298 `!uu` --- Encode and decode uuencode files uu 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.13 <... 1 天前
    299. 10.299 `!uuid` --- UUID objects according to `9562` uuid Source code: Lib/uuid.py This module provides immutable UUID objects (the UUID class) and function... 1 天前
    300. 10.300 `!venv` --- Creation of virtual environments venv 3.3 Source code: Lib/venv/ pair: Environments; virtual The !venv module supports creating lightweigh... 1 天前
    301. 10.301 `!warnings` --- Warning control warnings Source code: Lib/warnings.py single: warnings Warning messages are typically issued in situations... 1 天前
    302. 10.302 `!wave` --- Read and write WAV files wave Source code: Lib/wave.py The !wave module provides a convenient interface to the Waveform Audio "WAV... 1 天前
    303. 10.303 `!weakref` --- Weak references weakref Source code: Lib/weakref.py The !weakref module allows the Python programmer to create weak refe... 1 天前
    304. 10.304 `!webbrowser` --- Convenient web-browser controller webbrowser Source code: Lib/webbrowser.py The !webbrowser module provides a high-level interface to allow... 1 天前
    305. 10.305 MS Windows Specific Services This chapter describes modules that are only available on MS Windows platforms. msvcrt.rst winreg.rst winso... 1 天前
    306. 10.306 `!winreg` --- Windows registry access winreg Source code: PC/winreg.c These functions expose the Windows registry API to Python. Instead of usin... 1 天前
    307. 10.307 `!winsound` --- Sound-playing interface for Windows winsound Source code: PC/winsound.c The !winsound module provides access to the basic sound-playing machi... 1 天前
    308. 10.308 `!wsgiref` --- WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation wsgiref Source code: Lib/wsgiref [!WARNING] !wsgiref is a reference implementation and is not recommended ... 1 天前
    309. 10.309 `!xdrlib` --- Encode and decode XDR data xdrlib 3.11 3.13 This module is no longer part of the Python standard library. It was removed in Python 3.... 1 天前
    310. 10.310 `!xml.dom` --- The Document Object Model API xml.dom Source code: Lib/xml/dom/__init__.py The Document Object Model, or "DOM," is a cross-language API ... 1 天前
    311. 10.311 `!xml.dom.minidom` --- Minimal DOM implementation xml.dom.minidom Source code: Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py !xml.dom.minidom is a minimal implementation of the Do... 1 天前
    312. 10.312 `!xml.dom.pulldom` --- Support for building partial DOM trees xml.dom.pulldom Source code: Lib/xml/dom/pulldom.py The !xml.dom.pulldom module provides a "pull parser" ... 1 天前
    313. 10.313 `!xml.etree.ElementTree` --- The ElementTree XML API xml.etree.ElementTree Source code: Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py The !xml.etree.ElementTree module impleme... 1 天前
    314. 10.314 XML Processing Modules xml Source code: Lib/xml/ Python's interfaces for processing XML are grouped in the xml package. [!NOTE] ... 1 天前
    315. 10.315 `!xml.sax.handler` --- Base classes for SAX handlers xml.sax.handler Source code: Lib/xml/sax/handler.py The SAX API defines five kinds of handlers: content ha... 1 天前
    316. 10.316 `!xml.sax` --- Support for SAX2 parsers xml.sax Source code: Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py The !xml.sax package provides a number of modules which impl... 1 天前
    317. 10.317 `!xml.sax.xmlreader` --- Interface for XML parsers xml.sax.xmlreader Source code: Lib/xml/sax/xmlreader.py SAX parsers implement the XMLReader interface. Th... 1 天前
    318. 10.318 `!xml.sax.saxutils` --- SAX Utilities xml.sax.saxutils Source code: Lib/xml/sax/saxutils.py The module !xml.sax.saxutils contains a number of c... 1 天前
    319. 10.319 `!xmlrpc.client` --- XML-RPC client access xmlrpc.client Source code: Lib/xmlrpc/client.py XML-RPC is a Remote Procedure Call method that uses XML pa... 1 天前
    320. 10.320 `!xmlrpc` --- XMLRPC server and client modules xmlrpc XML-RPC is a Remote Procedure Call method that uses XML passed via HTTP as a transport. With it, a c... 1 天前
    321. 10.321 `!xmlrpc.server` --- Basic XML-RPC servers xmlrpc.server Source code: Lib/xmlrpc/server.py The !xmlrpc.server module provides a basic server framewo... 1 天前
    322. 10.322 `!zipapp` --- Manage executable Python zip archives zipapp 3.5 Source code: Lib/zipapp.py single: Executable Zip Files This module provides tools to manage th... 1 天前
    323. 10.323 `!zipfile` --- Work with ZIP archives zipfile Source code: Lib/zipfile/ The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard. This m... 1 天前
    324. 10.324 `!zipimport` --- Import modules from Zip archives zipimport Source code: Lib/zipimport.py This module adds the ability to import Python modules ( \*.py, \*... 1 天前
    325. 10.325 `!zlib` --- Compression compatible with `gzip` zlib For applications that require data compression, the functions in this module allow compression and dec... 1 天前
    326. 10.326 `!zoneinfo` --- IANA time zone support zoneinfo 3.9 Source code: Lib/zoneinfo The !zoneinfo module provides a concrete time zone implementation ... 1 天前
  14. 第 11 章 Reference 11 页
    1. 11.1 Compound statements pair: compound; statement Compound statements contain (groups of) other statements; they affect or control ... 1 天前
    2. 11.2 Data model Objects, values and types single: object single: data Objects are Python's abstraction for data. All data i... 1 天前
    3. 11.3 Execution model single: execution model pair: code; block Structure of a program block A Python program is constructed from... 1 天前
    4. 11.4 Expressions expression, BNF This chapter explains the meaning of the elements of expressions in Python. Syntax Notes: I... 1 天前
    5. 11.5 Full Grammar specification This is the full Python grammar, derived directly from the grammar used to generate the CPython parser (see... 1 天前
    6. 11.6 The import system single: import machinery Python code in one module gains access to the code in another module by the proce... 1 天前
    7. 11.7 The Python Language Reference This reference manual describes the syntax and core semantics of the language. It is terse, but attempts to... 1 天前
    8. 11.8 Introduction This reference manual describes the Python programming language. It is not intended as a tutorial. While I ... 1 天前
    9. 11.9 Lexical analysis lexical analysis, parser, token A Python program is read by a parser. Input to the parser is a stream of t... 1 天前
    10. 11.10 Simple statements pair: simple; statement A simple statement is comprised within a single logical line. Several simple statem... 1 天前
    11. 11.11 Top-level components single: interpreter The Python interpreter can get its input from a number of sources: from a script passed... 1 天前
  15. 第 12 章 Tutorial 17 页
    1. 12.1 Appendix Interactive Mode There are two variants of the interactive REPL. The classic basic interpreter is supporte... 1 天前
    2. 12.2 Whetting Your Appetite If you do much work on computers, eventually you find that there's some task you'd like to automate. For ex... 1 天前
    3. 12.3 Classes Classes provide a means of bundling data and functionality together. Creating a new class creates a new typ... 1 天前
    4. 12.4 More Control Flow Tools As well as the while statement just introduced, Python uses a few more that we will encounter in this chap... 1 天前
    5. 12.5 Data Structures This chapter describes some things you've learned about already in more detail, and adds some new things as... 1 天前
    6. 12.6 Errors and Exceptions Until now error messages haven't been more than mentioned, but if you have tried out the examples you have ... 1 天前
    7. 12.7 floatingpoint import math from fractions import Fraction Floating-Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations Floating-point... 1 天前
    8. 12.8 The Python Tutorial [!TIP] This tutorial is designed for programmers that are new to the Python language, not beginners who are... 1 天前
    9. 12.9 Input and output There are several ways to present the output of a program; data can be printed in a human-readable form, or... 1 天前
    10. 12.10 Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution Some versions of the Python interpreter support editing of the current input line and history substitution,... 1 天前
    11. 12.11 Using the Python Interpreter Invoking the Interpreter The Python interpreter is usually installed as |usr_local_bin_python_x_dot_y_liter... 1 天前
    12. 12.12 An Informal Introduction to Python In the following examples, input and output are distinguished by the presence or absence of prompts ( >>> a... 1 天前
    13. 12.13 Modules If you quit from the Python interpreter and enter it again, the definitions you have made (functions and va... 1 天前
    14. 12.14 Brief tour of the standard library Operating system interface The os module provides dozens of functions for interacting with the operating s... 1 天前
    15. 12.15 Brief tour of the standard library --- part II This second tour covers more advanced modules that support professional programming needs. These modules ra... 1 天前
    16. 12.16 Virtual Environments and Packages Introduction Python applications will often use packages and modules that don't come as part of the standar... 1 天前
    17. 12.17 What Now? Reading this tutorial has probably reinforced your interest in using Python --- you should be eager to appl... 1 天前
  16. 第 13 章 Using 9 页
    1. 13.1 Using Python on Android Python on Android is unlike Python on desktop platforms. On a desktop platform, Python is generally install... 1 天前
    2. 13.2 Command line and environment The CPython interpreter scans the command line and the environment for various settings. Other implementati... 1 天前
    3. 13.3 Configure Python Build Requirements To build CPython, you will need: A C11 compiler. Optional C11 features are not required.... 1 天前
    4. 13.4 Editors and IDEs There are a number of IDEs that support Python programming language. Many editors and IDEs provide syntax h... 1 天前
    5. 13.5 Python Setup and Usage This part of the documentation is devoted to general information on the setup of the Python environment on ... 1 天前
    6. 13.6 Using Python on iOS Authors Russell Keith-Magee (2024-03) Python on iOS is unlike Python on desktop platforms. On a desktop pla... 1 天前
    7. 13.7 Using Python on macOS This document aims to give an overview of macOS-specific behavior you should know about to get started with... 1 天前
    8. 13.8 Using Python on Unix platforms Getting and installing the latest version of Python On Linux Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distri... 1 天前
    9. 13.9 Using Python on Windows This document aims to give an overview of Windows-specific behaviour you should know about when using Pytho... 1 天前
  17. 第 14 章 Whatsnew 27 页
    1. 14.1 What's New in Python 2.0 Author A.M. Kuchling and Moshe Zadka Introduction A new release of Python, version 2.0, was released on Oct... 1 天前
    2. 14.2 What's New in Python 2.1 Author A.M. Kuchling Introduction This article explains the new features in Python 2.1. While there aren't ... 1 天前
    3. 14.3 What's New in Python 2.2 Author A.M. Kuchling Introduction This article explains the new features in Python 2.2.2, released on Octob... 1 天前
    4. 14.4 What's New in Python 2.3 Author A.M. Kuchling This article explains the new features in Python 2.3. Python 2.3 was released on July ... 1 天前
    5. 14.5 What's New in Python 2.4 Author A.M. Kuchling This article explains the new features in Python 2.4.1, released on March 30, 2005. Py... 1 天前
    6. 14.6 What's New in Python 2.5 Author A.M. Kuchling This article explains the new features in Python 2.5. The final release of Python 2.5 ... 1 天前
    7. 14.7 What's New in Python 2.6 Author A.M. Kuchling (amk at amk.ca) This article explains the new features in Python 2.6, released on Octo... 1 天前
    8. 14.8 What's New in Python 2.7 Author A.M. Kuchling (amk at amk.ca) This article explains the new features in Python 2.7. Python 2.7 was r... 1 天前
    9. 14.9 What's New In Python 3.0 Author Guido van Rossum This article explains the new features in Python 3.0, compared to 2.6. Python 3.0, ... 1 天前
    10. 14.10 What's New In Python 3.1 Author Raymond Hettinger This article explains the new features in Python 3.1, compared to 3.0. Python 3.1 ... 1 天前
    11. 14.11 What's New In Python 3.10 Editor Pablo Galindo Salgado * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time on the wor... 1 天前
    12. 14.12 What's New In Python 3.11 Editor Pablo Galindo Salgado * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time on the wor... 1 天前
    13. 14.13 What's New In Python 3.12 Editor Adam Turner * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time on the wording of yo... 1 天前
    14. 14.14 What's New In Python 3.13 Editors Adam Turner and Thomas Wouters * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time ... 1 天前
    15. 14.15 What's new in Python 3.14 Editors Adam Turner and Hugo van Kemenade * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much ti... 1 天前
    16. 14.16 What's new in Python 3.15 Editor Hugo van Kemenade * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time on the wording... 1 天前
    17. 14.17 What's new in Python 3.16 Editor Savannah Ostrowski * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time on the wordin... 1 天前
    18. 14.18 What's New In Python 3.2 Author Raymond Hettinger This article explains the new features in Python 3.2 as compared to 3.1. Python 3.... 1 天前
    19. 14.19 What's New In Python 3.3 * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time on the wording of your changes, because... 1 天前
    20. 14.20 What's New In Python 3.4 Author R. David Murray <rdmurray@bitdance.com> (Editor) * Anyone can add text to this document, but the mai... 1 天前
    21. 14.21 What's New In Python 3.5 Editors Elvis Pranskevichus <elvis@magic.io>, Yury Selivanov <yury@magic.io> * Anyone can add text to this ... 1 天前
    22. 14.22 What's New In Python 3.6 Editors Elvis Pranskevichus <elvis@magic.io>, Yury Selivanov <yury@magic.io> * Anyone can add text to this ... 1 天前
    23. 14.23 What's New In Python 3.7 Editor Elvis Pranskevichus <elvis@magic.io> * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much ... 1 天前
    24. 14.24 What's New In Python 3.8 * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time on the wording of your changes, because... 1 天前
    25. 14.25 What's New In Python 3.9 Editor Łukasz Langa * Anyone can add text to this document. Your text might get rewritten to some degree. *... 1 天前
    26. 14.26 changelog Changelog ../build/NEWS 1 天前
    27. 14.27 What's New in Python The "What's New in Python" series of essays takes tours through the most important changes between major Py... 1 天前
  18. 552 Python Documentation contents whatsnew/index.rst tutorial/index.rst using/index.rst reference/index.rst builtins/index.rst library/index.... 1 天前
  19. 553 Copyright Python and this documentation is: Copyright © 2001 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved. Copyrig... 1 天前
  20. 554 Glossary >>> The default Python prompt of the interactive shell. Often seen for code examples which can be executed... 1 天前
  21. 555 improve-page-nojs orphan Improve a documentation page html and not epub We are always interested to hear ideas about improvem... 1 天前
  22. 556 improve-page orphan Improve a documentation page html and not epub We are always interested to hear ideas about improvem... 1 天前
  23. 557 History and License History of the software Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting Mathematisch... 1 天前